ZHU Quan-wen.Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Feeds, Pig Manures and Biogas Slurry[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(06):284-289.
重金属在猪饲料-粪污-沼液中的变化特征
- Title:
- Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Feeds, Pig Manures and Biogas Slurry
- 关键词:
- 养猪; 饲料—猪粪—沼液—沼渣; 重金属; 超标
- 分类号:
- X713
- 摘要:
- 畜禽养殖使用饲料中普遍添加了含有重金属的添加剂，畜禽对重金属的利用率低，绝大部分残留于粪便中，对生态环境和人类健康存在潜在风险。调查分析了太湖流域西岸区域养猪场饲料、猪粪和沼气化的沼渣和沼液9种重金属（Cr，Mn，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Cd，Pb），研究结果表明，猪饲料和猪粪中Cu，Zn，Pb，Cd和As重金属均超标严重，猪大小不同，使得猪饲料和猪粪中重金属含量差异较大。沼液中Cu，Zn，As含量分别为3.37，34.49，0.36 mg/L，均严重超标，沼渣中Cu，Zn，Pb，Cd和Ni，分别达到1 348.20，10 525.03，1 254.45，57.36和1 043.99 mg/kg，均也严重超标，沼气化工程后除了Pb，Cd和Co外，其他6种重金属可溶态含量都增大，因此沼肥均不宜直接施用农田，需通过相应处理实现沼肥安全农用。
- Abstract:
- In the intensive animal production, more and more trace elements such as Cu, Zn were added in the feeds of animals to prevent disease, there will be potentially environmental risks caused by the manure-born metals because of the low rate of utilization of livestock and poultry to heavy metals and the high residue in feces. Samples of pig feeds, pig manures and biogas slurry were collected to analyze the characteristics of heavy metal pollution (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) in feeds-manures-biogas system in the west coast region of Taihu basin. The results show that the heavy metals in pig feeds and manures severely exceeded the limits in Taihu Lake Basin, mainly Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and As, different stages of the rearing are quite different. Heavy metals seriously exceeded in biogas slurry, in which Cu, Zn, As contents were 3.37, 34.49, 0.36 mg/L, respectively. Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Ni are the excessive metals in biogas residue, reaching to 1 348.20, 10 525.03, 1 254.45, 57.36 and 1 043.99 mg/kg, respectively. Except for Pb，Cd and Co, the contents of soluble heavy metals increased in anaerobic fermentation process, which cannot be directly applied to agricultural land, need follow-up treatment to reduce heavy metal pollution, so it can provide the scientific basis for harmless use of livestock and poultry manure.
参考文献/References:
[1] Bolan N, Adriano D, Mahimairaja S. Distribution and bioavailability of trace elements in livestock and poultry manure by-products[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2004,34(3):291-338.
[2] 李松岩.猪饲料中高剂量的铜锌对环境的影响及其控制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[3] Nicholson F A, Chambers B J, Williams J R, et al. Heavy metal contents of livestock feeds and animal manures in England and Wales[J]. Bioresource Technology,1999,70(1):23-31.
[4] Martley E, Gulson B L, Pfeifer H R. Metal concentrations in soils around the copper smelter and surrounding industrial complex of Port Kembla, NSW, Australia[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2004,325(1):113-127.
[5] 钟攀,李泽碧,李清荣,等.重庆沼气肥养分物质和重金属状况研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(B03):165-171.
[6] 靳红梅,常志州,叶小梅,等.江苏省大型沼气工程沼液理化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):291-296.
[7] Lavado R S, Rodriguez M B, Taboada M A. Treatment with biosolids affects soil availability and plant uptake of potentially toxic elements[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment,2005,109(3):360-364.
[8] Marcato C E, Pinelli E, Pouech P, et al. Particle size and metal distributions in anaerobically digested pig slurry[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(7):2340-2348.
[9] M?ller H B, Sommer S G, Ahring B K. Separation efficiency and particle size distribution in relation to manure type and storage conditions[J]. Bioresource Technology,2002,85(2):189-196.
[10] 刘晓光,董滨,戴翎翎,等.剩余污泥厌氧消化过程重金属形态转化及生物有效性分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(8):1630-1638.
[11] 江苏省农业委员会.江苏省太湖流域畜禽养殖污染治理专项规划[R].南京:2013:28-36.
[12] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T13079-2006.饲料中总砷的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[13] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 13080-2004.饲料中总铅的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[14] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 13082-1991.饲料中总镉的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1991.
[15] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 13088-2006.饲料中总铬的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[17] 潘寻,韩哲,贲伟伟.山东省规模化猪场猪粪及配合饲料中重金属含量研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):160-165.
[18] Nicholson F A, Smith S R, Alloway B J, et al. An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2003,311(1):205-219.
[19] Zhang F, Li Y, Yang M, et al. Content of heavy metals in animal feeds and manures from farms of different scales in Northeast China[J]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2012,9(8):2658-2668.
[20] 董占荣,陈一定,林咸永,等.杭州市郊规模化养殖场猪粪的重金属含量及其形态[J].浙江农业学报,2008,20(1):35-39.
[21] Ramírez W A, Domene X, Ortiz O, et al. Toxic effects of digested, composted and thermally-dried sewage sludge on three plants[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99(15):7168-7175.
[22] Miaomiao H, Wenhong L, Xinqiang L, et al. Effect of composting process on phytotoxicity and speciation of copper, zinc and lead in sewage sludge and swine manure[J]. Waste Management,2009,29(2):590-597.
[23] 段然.沼肥肥力和施用后潜在污染风险研究与土壤安全性评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2008.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2014-01-15;改回日期:2014-03-06。
作者简介:朱泉雯(1982-),女,江苏扬州人,讲师,硕士,主要从事环境监测和水污染控制研究。E-mail:zhuquanwen@163.com