LIU Jia-ming,ZHA Xuan,HUANG Shao-yan.Research for Purple Soil and Quaternary Rred Clay Soil Erosion Process on Hillslope Under Natural Rainfall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(06):16-19.
天然降雨下紫色土和第四纪红黏土坡面侵蚀过程研究
- Title:
- Research for Purple Soil and Quaternary Rred Clay Soil Erosion Process on Hillslope Under Natural Rainfall
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 摘要:
- 选取南方红壤区紫色土和第四纪红黏土两种典型土壤类型，通过天然降雨试验，在同等试验条件下对紫色土和第四纪红黏土两种土壤的坡面侵蚀过程中径流量变化、产沙量变化、土壤团聚体以及粒径分析来阐述我国南方红壤区的土壤坡面侵蚀过程。结果表明：（1）降雨是造成土壤坡面产生径流的主要原因，随着降雨的不断增大，土壤坡面径流量不断的增加，紫色土的总径流量较第四纪红黏土大。（2）雨强是造成土壤坡面产沙量的主要原因，特别是在中雨强降雨和大雨强降雨时，土壤侵蚀泥沙量的产生比较明显，紫色土与第四纪红黏土的土壤侵蚀泥沙量比例关系为：1.14∶1.0。（3）紫色土和第四纪红黏土均以 < 0.25 mm的微团聚体占优势，均占65%以上，而紫色土达到90%之多，紫色土微团聚体流失较第四纪红黏土严重。（4）通过两种土壤的降雨前后土壤颗粒对比分析，紫色土减少的土壤颗粒主要是黏粒和粉粒，砂粒相对增加，变化量大，而第四纪红黏土相对较少。
- Abstract:
- Purple soil and quaternary red clay soil two typical soil types in red soil zone of southern China were selected. Through natural rainfall experiments, under the same test conditions, changes in runoff and sediment yield, soil aggregates and particle size of purple soil and quaternary red clay soil the two kinds of soil parent material slope erosion were analyzed in order to illustrate the process of soil erosion on the slope in red soil region of southern China. The results showed: (1) rainfall is the main cause of slope runoff, with increasing rainfall, runoff constantly increases, runoff rate is greater in Ppurple soil than Quaternary red clay soil; (2) rainfall intensity is the main cause of slope sediment yield, especially in heavy rainfall during moderate and heavy rain soil erosion and sediment generation were more obvious, the ratio the amount of soil erosion and sediment bentween purple soil and quaternary red clay soil is 1.14∶1.0; (3) < 0.25 mm micro-aggregates in purple soil and quaternary red clay soil are dominant, accounting for more than 65%, while 90% for purple soil, purple soil micro-aggregates were more severely loss than the quaternary red clay; (4) by comparing the two types of soil particles before and after rainfall analysis of soil, reduced soil particles of purple soil are clay and silt particles, the relative increase was found in the sand particle, changes were large, but clay content in qauaternary red is relatively little.
参考文献/References:
[1] 吕仕洪,向悟生,李先琨,等.红壤侵蚀区植被恢复研究综述[J].广西植物,2003,23(1):83-89.
[2] Assouline S, Ben-Hur M. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing[J]. Catena,2006,66(3):211-220.
[3] Lal R. Soil erosion on Alfisols in western Nigeria:Ⅲ. Effects of rainfall characteristics[J]. Geoderma,1976,16(5):389-401.
[4] 陈永宗.黄土高原土壤侵蚀规律研究工作回顾[J].地理研究,1987,6(1):76-85.
[5] 贾媛媛,郑粉莉,杨勤科.黄土高原小流域分布式水蚀预报模型[J].水利学报,2005,36(3):328-332.
[6] 高扬,朱波,王玉宽,等.自然和人工模拟降雨条件下紫色土坡地的磷素迁移[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(5):34-37.
[7] 刘刚才,李兰,周忠浩,等.紫色土丘陵区坡耕地退耕对水土流失的影响及其效益评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2005,3(4):32-36.
[8] 乔彦松,赵志中,李增悦,等.成都平原红土堆积的风成成因证据[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):286-294.
[9] 来红州,莫多闻,李新坡.洞庭盆地第四纪红土地层及古气候研究[J].沉积学报,2005,23(1):130-137.
[10] 朱显谟,中国南方的红土与红色风化壳[J].第四纪研究,1993(1):75-84.
[11] 刘东生,刘敏厚,吴子荣,等.关于第四纪地层划分问题《第四纪地质问题》[M].北京:科学出版社,1964.
[12] 耿晓东,郑粉莉,刘力.降雨强度和坡度双因子对紫色土坡面侵蚀产沙的影响[J].泥沙研究,2010,12(6):48-53.
[13] 翟娟,卢晓宁,熊东红,等.土壤侵蚀径流水动力学特性及其影响因素的研究进展[J].安全与环境工程,2012,19(5):1-5.
[14] 张琪,方海兰,史志华,等.侵蚀条件下土壤性质对团聚体稳定性影响的研究进展[J].林业科学,2007,43(10):77-82.
[15] 刘继龙,马孝义,张振华.不同土层土壤水分特征曲线的空间变异及其影响因素[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(1):46-52.
相似文献/References:
[1]姚军,唐春霞,何丙辉.紫色土坡耕地不同施肥水平下氮随径流流失特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(02):54.
YAO Jun,TANG Chong-xia,HE Bing-hui.Effects of Different Fertilization Level on N-losses alone with Surface Runoff on Slope Land of Purple Soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):54.
[2]刘珊珊,宫渊波,向香勇,等.雅安紫色土小流域土壤有机碳及碳组分分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):63.
LIU Shan-shan,GONG Yuan-bo,XIANG Xiang-yong,et al.Soil Organic Carbon and Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Fraction in Purple Soil in a Small Watershed of Ya’an Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):63.
[3]廖晓勇,陈治谏,刘邵权,等.三峡库区紫色土坡耕地不同利用方式的水土流失特征[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(01):159.
LIAO Xiao-yong,CHEN Zhi-jian,LIU Shao-quan,et al.Study on Soil Losses in Different Land Use Types of Purple Slope Cropland in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(06):159.
[4]徐泰平,朱波,汪涛,等.不同降雨侵蚀力条件下紫色土坡耕地的养分流失[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(06):139.
XU Tai-ping,ZHU Bo,WANG Tao,et al.Nutrient Loss from Slope Cropland of Purple Soil Under Different Rainfall Erosivities[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(06):139.
[5]杨宁,邹冬生,李建国.衡阳盆地紫色土丘陵坡地土壤水分变化动态研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(06):16.
YANG Ning,ZOU Dong-sheng,LI Jian-guo.Study on Dynamic of Water Content on the Sloping-land with Purple Soils in Hengyang Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(06):16.
[6]林培松,高全洲.不同土地利用方式下紫色土结构特性变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(04):134.
LIN Pei-song,GAO Quan-zhou.Study on Changes in Structural Properties of Purple Soils under Different Land Use[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):134.
[7]严冬春,文安邦,史忠林,等.川中紫色丘陵坡耕地细沟发生临界坡长及其控制探讨[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(06):1.
YAN Dong-chun,WEN An-bang,SHI Zhong-lin,et al.Critical Slope Length and Control of Rill Occurrence on Cultivated Land of Purple Soil in Sichuan Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):1.
[8]刘承,王玉宽,傅斌,等.紫色土不同土地利用方式下降雨入渗试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(03):20.
LIU Cheng,WANG Yu-kuan,FU Bin,et al.Rain Infiltration Experiment Study Under Different Land Use Types of Purple Soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(06):20.
[9]林立金,朱雪梅,邵继荣,等.紫色土坡耕地横坡垄作的水土流失特征及作物产量效应[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(03):254.
LIN Li-jin,ZHUN Xue-mei,SHAO Ji-rong,et al.Study on Characteristics of Soil and Water Loss and Effect of Crop yield by Cross Ridge in Purple Soil of Sloping Farmland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(06):254.
[10]董先勇,樊明兰,缪韧,等.流域水文模型在川中丘陵区小流域水沙过程研究中的应用[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(03):300.
DONG Xian-yong,FAN Ming-lan,MIU Ren,et al.Study of Watershed Hydrological Model Application to Prediction of Runoff and Sediment Export Processes in a Catchments of Central hilly area,Sichuan Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(06):300.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2014-05-09;改回日期:2014-05-24。
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目“强度侵蚀区退化生态系统修复关键技术的研究与集成”（2014BAD15B02）；国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目“南方红壤区水土流失综合治理范式及调控机理研究”（2007CB407207）
作者简介:刘家明(1987-),男,江西省新余市人,在读硕士研究生,主要研究方向为水土保持和土壤侵蚀。E-mail:ljm198713@163.com
通讯作者:查轩(1961-),男,陕西咸阳人,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持生态方面研究。E-mail:xzha@fjnu.edu.cn