[1]郭效丁,刘晓君,黄萍萍,等.不同土地利用方式水土及养分流失响应机制研究——以鹦鹉沟小流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(05):18-23.
　GUO Xiao-ding,LIU Xiao-jun,HUANG Ping-ping,et al.Study on the Mechanism for the Response of Soil Erosion and Nutrient Losses to Different Land Uses—Taking Yingwugou Watershed As an Example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(05):18-23.
点击复制

不同土地利用方式水土及养分流失响应机制研究——以鹦鹉沟小流域为例

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 21 期数: 2014年05期 页码: 18-23 栏目: 出版日期: 2014-10-28
Title:
Study on the Mechanism for the Response of Soil Erosion and Nutrient Losses to Different Land Uses—Taking Yingwugou Watershed As an Example
作者:
郭效丁1, 刘晓君2, 黄萍萍3, 成玉婷3, 靳宇蓉3
1. 武警后勤学院, 天津 300309;
2. 中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地 农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
3. 西安理工大学 西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室, 西安 710048
Author(s):
GUO Xiao-ding1, LIU Xiao-jun2, HUANG Ping-ping3, CHENG Yu-ting3, JIN Yu-rong3
1. Logistics Armed Police Academy, Tianjin 300309, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
3. Key Lab of Northwest Water Resources and Environment Ecology of MOE at XAUT, Xi’an 710048, China
关键词:
土地利用方式; 天然降雨; 径流; 养分流失
Keywords:
land use; rainfall patterns; sediments and runoff; nutrient losses
分类号:
S157.1
摘要:
以商南县鹦鹉沟小流域为研究对象，为分析天然降雨条件下坡面产流产沙及养分流失的变化规律，根据当地不同的种植作物，在野外建立标准径流小区进行试验。结果表明：坡度对径流影响不大，但不同坡度下产沙差异显著。草地小区的径流及产沙均低于其他耕地小区，表明了草地调节地面径流以及对于土壤的保持作用。随着径流的增加，各小区产沙量均变大，对于花生、辣椒和草地小区，坡度变大时含沙量也急剧增加，玉米缓坡小区径流含沙量较大，但其产沙总量仍小于陡坡小区。雨型和坡度对小区氮磷养分影响不同，其中短时阵型暴雨下全磷、速效磷和氨态氮易流失，坡度对全氮流失的影响较大；除草地外，陡坡小区硝态氮流失浓度普遍较低，而草地小区更利于氨态氮的保持。
Abstract:
Based on different local crops, the author studied sediment, runoff and nutrient loss in sloping land under natural rainfall by experiment conducted in the field runoff plots in Yingwugou watershed in Shangnan County. The results showed that slope gradient has little impact on runoff, sediment yields are significant difference. The sediments and runoff form grass plot are both less than other crop plots which indicates that the runoff and conversation of soil can be adjusted by land cover. With the increase of runoff, the sediments keep larger and the sediment contents increase with rise of slope gradients except the corn plots. Rainfall patterns and slope degree have different impacts on nutrient losses from plots. The short-time rainstorm is easier for the loss of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, so do slope gradients impact on the total nitrogen; the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen losses the plots with high gradient are generally low except grass plot; the ammonia nitrogen is more readily maintained in grass plot.

参考文献/References:

[1] 王莹.全国水土保持监测公报[N].中国水利报,2005:1-18.
[2] 王礼先.水土保持学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995:19-30.
[3] Zhang Jianguo, Li Huixia, He Xiaorong,et al. Impoverishment of soil nutrients in gully erosion areas in Yuanmou basin[J]. Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences,2003,8(3B):1034-1040.
[4] Carpenter S R, Caraco N F, Correll D L, et al. Nonpoint pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen[J]. Ecological Applications,1998,8(3):559-568.
[5] 廖晓勇,陈治谏,刘邵权,等.三峡库区紫色土坡耕地不同利用方式的水土流失特征[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(1):159-161.
[6] 赵爱军,许克翠,彭业轩.紫色土坡耕地栽种植物篱笆防治水土流失的试验初报[J].中国水土保持,2004(11):23-25.
[7] 吕惠明,王恒俊,谢永生.不同土类坡耕地水土流失及其治理对策[J].水土保持通报,1993,13(4):61-63.
[8] 查世煜,李秋洪.三峡库区坡耕地的水土流失问题与对策[J].农业环境与发展,1998,15(2):30-33.
[9] 孙景华,杨玉阁,张本家,等.辽北低山丘陵区坡耕地水土流失规律研究[J].水土保持研究,1997,4(4):65-74.
[10] 水建国,柴锡周,张如良.红壤坡地不同生态模式水土流失规律的研究[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(2):33-36.
[11] 向万胜,梁称富,李位红.三峡库区花岗岩坡耕地不同种植方式下水土流失定位研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(1):47-50.
[12] Kuylenstierna J L, Bj?rklund G, Najlis P. Sustainable water future with global implications:everyone’s responsibility[J].Natural Resources Forum,1997,21(3):181-190.
[13] 杨胜天,程红光,步青松,等.全国土壤侵蚀量估算及其在吸附态氮磷流失量匡算中的应用[J].环境科学学报,2006,26(3):366-374.
[14] 罗专溪,朱波,汪涛,等.紫色土坡地泥沙养分与泥沙流失的耦合特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2008,17(3):379-383.
[15] 刘瑞民,杨志峰,沈枕瑶,等.土地利用/覆盖变化对长江流域非点源污染的影响及其信息系统建设[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,16(3):372-377.
[16] 唐莉华.基于地貌特征的流域水-沙-污染物耦合模型及其应用[D].北京:清华大学,2008.
[17] 杨红薇,张建强,唐家良,等.紫色土坡地不同种植模式下水土和养分流失动态特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(3):615-619.
[18] Kinnell P I A, Risse L M. USLE-M:Empirical modeling rainfall erosion through runoff and sediment concentration[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1998,62(6):1667-1672.
[19] Osenberg C W, Sarnelle O, Cooper S D, et al. Resolving ecological questions through meta-analysis:goals, metrics, and models[J]. Ecology,1999,80(4):1105-1117.

相似文献/References:

[1]沈艳,傅瓦利,蓝家程,等.岩溶山地不同土地利用方式土壤颗粒有机碳和矿物结合态有机碳的分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):1.
　SHEN Yan,FU Wa-li,LAN Jia-cheng,et al.Distribution Characteristics of Soil Particulate Organic Carbon and Mineral-associated Organic Carbon of Different Land Use in Karst Mountain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):1.
[2]李品荣,孟广涛,李国昌.不同土地利用方式下土壤地力变化和水土流失状况研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(03):95.
　LI Pin-rong,MENG Guang-tao,LI Guo-chang.Study on Land Capacity Change and Soil Erosion on Different Landuse Types[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(05):95.
[3]阳利永,吴献花,赵斌,等.滇池柴河流域不同土地利用方式土壤养分剖面分异[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):95.
　YANG Li-yong,WU Xian-hua,ZHAO Bin,et al.Effects of Different Land Uses on Profile Variability of Soil Nutrients in Chaihe Basin of Dianchi Lake[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):95.
[4]赵玉丽,牛健植.人工模拟降雨试验降雨特性及问题分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):278.
　ZHAO Yu-li,NIU Jian-zhi.Analysis of Properties and Problems about Artificial Rainfall Simulation Tests[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):278.
[5]夏江宝,杨吉华,李红云.不同外界条件下土壤入渗性能的研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(02):115.
　XIA Jiang-bao,YANG Ji-hua,LI Hong-yun.The Research of Soil Infiltration in Different Outside Factors[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(05):115.
[6]刘梦云,安韶山,常庆瑞,等.宁南山区不同土地利用方式土壤质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(03):35.
　LIU Meng-yun,AN Shao-shan,CHANG Qing-rui,et al.Soil Quality Evaluation Under Different Land Use in Southern Ningxia Mountain Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(05):35.
[7]刘梦云,安韶山,常庆瑞.宁南山区不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(03):47.
　LIU Meng-yun,AN Shao-shan,CHANG Qing-rui.Features of Soil Organic Carbon Under Different Land Use in Mountain Area of Southern Ningxia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(05):47.
[8]李裕元.坡地磷素迁移研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(05):1.
　LI Yu-yuan.Review of Study on Phosphorus Transport on Slope Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(05):1.
[9]尚佰晓,王瑄,陶伟,等.沈阳市天然降雨雨滴特征研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(06):139.
　SHANG Bai-xiao,WANG Xuan,TAO Wei,et al.Study on Characteristics of Natural Raindrop in Shenyang City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(05):139.
[10]温明霞,邵明安,周蓓蓓.马家塔露天煤矿复垦区不同土地利用类型的土壤水分入渗过程研究[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(04):170.
　WEN Ming-xia,SHAO Ming-an,ZHOU Bei-bei.Study on Soil Water Infiltration Processes in Different Land Use Types in Majiata Reclaimed Regions[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(05):170.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2014-04-21;改回日期:2014-05-08。
基金项目:陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目“丹汉江水源区水土流失非点源污染过程与调控”（09JS094）；陕西教育厅科研项目“淤地坝泥沙沉积与侵蚀产沙耦合关系研究”（06JK215）；国家自然科学基金“植被格局对坡沟水蚀过程调控机理研究”（41071182）
作者简介:郭效丁(1977-),女,河北宁晋人,硕士,主要从事生态经济与管理。E-mail:ggfriendship_05@163.com
通讯作者:刘晓君(1988-),女,山东省泰安市人,在读博士,主要从事非点源污染与土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:liuxiaojun.lxj@163.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01