WANG Hai-bin,MO Duo-wen,LI Tuo-yu.Study on the Environmental and Cultural Background of the Formation and the Location Selection of Taosi Site[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(03):302-308.
陶寺古城形成与选址的环境与文化背景研究
- Title:
- Study on the Environmental and Cultural Background of the Formation and the Location Selection of Taosi Site
- Keywords:
- Taosi Site; environmental background; cultural background; palaeogeomorphology; palaeohydrology
- 分类号:
- P531
- 摘要:
- 临汾地区的陶寺遗址是黄河中游地区发现的夏代之前的都邑性古城。通过对临汾地区和陶寺遗址区域自然环境条件的研究和分析，结合区域考古学文化的发展，探讨了陶寺古城的形成原因以及选址影响因素。研究表明：全新世中期至陶寺文化时期，临汾盆地由于较为暖湿的气候条件、良好的土地资源和水资源条件，区域内的新石器文化获得了持续发展。仰韶文化中晚期，我国中原地区及北方地区的新石器文化均获得了快速发展。临汾地区不仅处于这一文化发达区域的中心位置，而且地处我国中原核心地区同北方和东北地区文化交流的重要通道上，同时也是我国东西向文化交流的通道之一，由于这种优越的地理位置，临汾地区的区域文化优势地位逐渐显露出来。相当于龙山文化晚期的陶寺文化时期，相较其他中原核心地区，临汾地区受水患影响较小，区域文化的强势地位进一步凸显，因而成为都邑性古城兴起之地。陶寺文化时期，古城所在的黄土台地冲沟尚未下切，南河和宋村沟均为宽浅的沟谷型河流，高于平原地面的黄土台地既有利于设防又能有效规避水患，在塔儿山上游地区拥有较大汇水面积的南河和宋村沟又可以提供丰富稳定的水源，因而是营建古城的理想场所。
- Abstract:
- Taosi site was located in Linfen, Shanxi Province, which was considered as the pre-historical Capital in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, and was earlier than Xia Dynasty. Based on the researches of the Lifen area and the Taosi Site regional environmental conditions, and combining with regional archeology cultural development, the cause of formation and the influence factors of the Taosi Site selection were discussed. The results showed that the warm and humid paleoclimatic conditions from the mid-Holocene to the Taosi Culture period, rich land and water resources made sure that the Neolithic culture of the Linfen area developed continuously. By the middle and late Yangshao period the Neolithic cultures of the Central Plains and the northern areas were gained rapid development. Meanwhile, the Linfen area was not only located in the center of the Neolithic culture well-developed region, but also on the important pathway for the cultural exchanges. It was responsible for the cultural exchanges between the core area of the Central Plains and the northern, northeast regions, also between the eastern and the western regions. The regional culture dominant position of the Linfen area gradually displayed due to the superior natural geographical location. During the Taosi Culture period, besides Linfen area, other places of the core area of the Central Plain suffered serious flooding disasters, such as Luoyang Basin, Guanzhong Basin. So the culture of Linfen area got a further development and became the cultural center. In the Taosi Culture period, the Loess Plateau where the ancient city had been located was flat and wide. The gullies had not cut yet, while the Nan River and the Songcungou were still wide and shallow rivers. The Loess Plateau was 50 m higher than the plain ground, it was conducive to fortification and avoiding flooding. Withal, the Nan River and the Songcungou could provide stable and rich water resources due to geological and climatic factors. Therefore, Loess Plateau became the ideal place to construct the ancient city.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2014-05-02;改回日期:2014-05-30。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41171006）；国家社科基金重大项目（11&ZD183）；国家科技支撑计划项目课题（2013BAK08B02）
作者简介:王海斌(1985-),男,陕西宝鸡人,硕士研究生,研究方向为地貌学与环境演变。E-mail:wanghaibin85@126.com
通讯作者:莫多闻(1955-),男,湖南桃江人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事地貌学与环境演变方面的研究。E-mail:dmo@urban.pku.edu.cn