QU Wen-jie,SONG Nai-ping,CHEN Lin,et al.Responses of Two Types of Desertification Grasslands in Desert Steppe to Shallow Ploughing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(01):85-89,94.
荒漠草原两种沙化草地对浅耕翻的响应
- Title:
- Responses of Two Types of Desertification Grasslands in Desert Steppe to Shallow Ploughing
- Keywords:
- desert steppe; shallow ploughing; vegetation update; sand-covered grassland; erosion grassland
- 分类号:
- Q948.12+3
- 摘要:
- 浅耕翻是退化草地改良的一项技术措施，其效果往往与表层土壤的退化程度与类型相关。为进一步认识荒漠草原退化草地浅耕翻措施的适用性及其作用机理，在宁夏盐池县选取覆沙草地（片沙覆盖型）和侵蚀草地（侵蚀粗化型）当地两种较为典型的退化草地类型，分别进行深翻（20 cm）和浅耕（5 cm）两种浅翻耕处理，分析其植被更新和土壤水分变化情况。结果表明，浅耕翻可有效减少猪毛蒿当季发生数量，激活土壤种子库，提高两种退化类型草地植被均匀性和多样性水平，但是深翻处理下植被盖度下降幅度较大。其中覆沙草地物种丰富度保持稳定，一年生的狗尾草和画眉草占据更为优势的地位，深翻处理下土壤水分向下层蓄积；侵蚀草地物种数明显下降，但指示种胡枝子在群落中的优势地位进一步提高，土壤水分则沿垂直剖面均匀增加，0—100 cm土壤蓄水量显著提高。浅耕翻是推动退化草地恢复演替的有效手段，其中浅耕更具普适性；但是综合植被更新和水分蓄积情况，深翻措施更适宜覆沙草地，浅耕措施对侵蚀草地则较为适宜。
- Abstract:
- Shallow ploughing is an improvement technology on the degraded vegetation, and its effect is often strongly related to the soil conditions. To further study the applicability and mechanism of shallow ploughing in degraded desert steppes, covering sand grassland (sheet sand cover type) and erosion grassland (erosion coarsening type) were selected in Yanchi of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, vegetation update and soil moisture changes were analyzed for the deeply ploughed (20 cm) and shallowly ploughed (5 cm) treatments. The results showed that shallow plowing effectively suppressed scoparia quarter, activated the soil seed bank and raised uniformity and diversity of two degradation types of grassland vegetation, but deep plowing under vegetation cover declined a lot. Species richness in sand covering grassland remained stable, with dominant annual Setaira viridis(L.)Beauv and Eragrostis pilosa, and the soil moisture concentrated to the lower layer in deep plowing treatment. While the number of species in erosion coarsening type sand decreased sharply, but indicator Lespedeza bicolor in the community of the dominant position further improved, with soil moisture in the vertical profile uniform increasing, and 0—100 cm soil water storage capacity significantly improving. Shallow plowing is an effective means to promote the restoration of degraded grassland succession; the shallow plowing is more universal. But in view of vegetation regeneration and moisture accumulation, the deep plowing measure is more suitable for sand covered grassland, and shallow plowing is more appropriate measures in erosion grassland.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-04-13;改回日期:2013-05-16。
基金项目:973前期研究专项（2012CB723206）；国家自然科学基金（41101301）
作者简介:曲文杰(1982-),女,山东龙口人,在读硕士,研究方向为草地生态与恢复重建。E-mail:wenjiequ2012@163.com
通讯作者:杨新国(1976-),男,山东肥城人,副研究员,主要从事农业生态与生态恢复方面的研究。E-mail:xinguoyang1976@163.com