Ayxam·Ismayil,Tursun·Qasim,Zumrat·Ibrayim,et al.Influences of Human Activities on the Desertification in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(01):56-60.
人类活动对土地沙漠化的影响研究——以塔里木河下游为例
- Title:
- Influences of Human Activities on the Desertification in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River
- 分类号:
- X171.1
- 摘要:
- 塔里木河下游地区是干旱区中沙漠化进程最显著的地区之一。由于近50 a以来人类不合理的开发活动，造成生态环境出现严重的退化。特别是以天然植被为主体的生态系统和生态过程因对水资源时空格局的人为改变而受到严重影响，造成环境恶化、天然植被全面衰败、沙漠化加剧。本研究主要从引起塔里木河下游沙漠化的原因入手，从整体、部分的关系进一步发现塔里木河下游流域沙漠化原因，运用3S技术和有关统计资料分析塔里木河干流区域人口增长、水资源利用对塔里木河下游土地沙漠化的影响途径以及影响程度。分析结果表明，新疆塔里木河下游土地沙漠化的直接成因是干流耗水量的增加和下游来水量的减少，而来水量的减少与上中游流域段耕地面积的增加有密切关系。人口数量的增长和耕地面积也有很大的相关性。进一步发现在塔里木河这样典型的内陆河流域，人口增长对耕地面积（在干旱区流域基本等同于灌溉面积）不仅有密切的关系，而且不同的流域段人口增长对耕地增大的驱动效果也不同，人口增长的驱动对下游土地退化的影响具有从源流向下游的传递性，下游的土地沙化主要通过源流和上中游人口增长对下游来水量的影响传递产生。
- Abstract:
- Arid areas of Tarim River region is the most significant in the process of desertification in the world. Since the past 50 years the irrational development activities, resulting in severe degradation of ecological environment. Especially as the main natural vegetation and ecological processes of ecosystems due to spatial and temporal patterns of water resources adversely affected by anthropogenic change, resulting in environmental degradation, the decline of natural vegetation, desertification intensified. This study, mainly start from the desertification causes of the lower reaches of Tarim River, starting from the relations of the whole and part to find desertification reasons in the lower reaches of the Tarim Basin, the use of 3S technology and relevant statistical analysis Tarim River Regional population growth, water use on the impact of desertification means as well as the extent of the impact. Analysis results show that the lower reaches of Tarim River in Xinjiang direct causes of desertification is the increase in water consumption in the main stream and downstream to the reduction of water,the water reduction from the upper and middle reaches of the basin is closely related to the increase in arable land. Analysis show that population growth and arable land have great relevance.Further found that in this typical inland of the Tarim river basin,the population growth is not only closely related the cultivated land area (in the arid zone basin equivalent to the basic irrigation area),but different population growth above the valley of the arable land has also increased the different drive effect, the drivers power of population growth effect on the land degradation of downstream have the transitivity from the origins to downstream,the land desertification of the downstream,mainly produce to transit through the impact that the population growth of the origin and the upper and middle reaches effects on the water of the lower reaches.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2010-5-22;改回日期:2010-7-8。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（40561013，41061047）；新疆大学绿洲生态自治区（教育部省部共建）重点实验室开放课题（XJDX0201-2009-10）
作者简介:阿依先木·司马义（1984- ），女（维吾尔族），新疆库尔勒人，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区资源与环境方向的研究。E-mail：Hanayxiam88@gmail.com
通讯作者:吐尔逊·哈斯木（1961- ），男（维吾尔族），新疆轮台人，教授，硕士，硕士生导师，主要研究方向为干旱区地貌与环境。E-mail：Tursun_kasim@yahoo.com