[1]吕春娟,白中科.露天排土场的岩土侵蚀特征及水保效应分析[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(06):14-19.
　LÜ,Chun-juan,BAI Zhong-ke.Soil and Rock Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation Effects of Opencast Mine Dump[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(06):14-19.
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露天排土场的岩土侵蚀特征及水保效应分析

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 17 期数: 2010年06期 页码: 14-19 栏目: 出版日期: 2010-12-20
Title:
Soil and Rock Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation Effects of Opencast Mine Dump
作者:
吕春娟1,2, 白中科3
1. 山西农业大学 资源环境学院, 山西 太谷 030801;
2. 北京林业大学 水土保持学院, 北京 100083;
3. 中国地质大学 土地科学技术学院 国土资源部土地整治重点实验室, 北京 100083
Author(s):
LÜ Chun-juan1,2, BAI Zhong-ke3
1. College of Resources & Environmental Science, Shanxi Agriculture University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China;
2. College of Water and Soil Conservation Bejing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
3. School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Key Laboratory of Land Reclamation of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100083, China
关键词:
露天煤矿; 暴雨; 复垦植被; 岩土侵蚀; 水保效应
Keywords:
opencast coal mine; rainstorm; reclaimed vegetation; soil and rock erosion; soil and water conservation effect
分类号:
S157
摘要:
该文以平朔露天煤矿复垦10a排土场为试验平台，采用时空互代法，在50年一遇暴雨后对不同复垦阶段排土场的岩土侵蚀情况进行调查分析。结果表明：对于新造地，堆状地面是解决排土场“地表严重压实”和“非均匀沉降”最好方法；复垦初期（1~3a）植被的水土保持作用不是很明显，主要是草本植物在发挥作用，各种侵蚀形式还普遍存在，复垦中后期（4~10a）随着生物多样性的增加，植被覆盖率的提高，枯枝落叶层逐渐累积，各种侵蚀都逐渐减弱，局部边坡还会发生浅沟侵蚀；但与复垦初期相比，灌乔的保水保土效果逐渐凸显，甚至乔灌草混交的10#样地不产生径流和土壤侵蚀。人工堆积的排土场，岩土侵蚀是一种潜在的危险，但乔灌草的合理配置，是一种经济有效的水保措施，同时在实施过程中需要复垦法制的不断完善。
Abstract:
Taking the dump reclaimed for 10 years as experiment platform in Pingshuo opencast coal mine, after rainstorm (p=2%), the characteristics of soil and rock erosion of different reclamation stages were surveyed and analyzed by time-space-alternative methods. The results showed that: the pile-surface was the best solution for the dump ‘serious surface compaction’ and ‘inhomogeneous settlement’ for the newly-built land; at reclaiming initial stage (1～3 years), the effects of water and soil conservation of vegetation was not significant because the herbaceous plants had function on soil and water losses alone and various forms of erosion were widespread; at reclaiming later stage (4～10 years), erosions were wholly weakened with the increase of biodiversity, the improvement of vegetation coverage rates and accumulating gradually of dry branches and leaves, but there still was gully erosion in margin of slope; compared with reclaiming initial land, the effects of water and soil conservation of shrubs and trees were highlighted gradually; even there were no runoff and soil erosion in the sample plot planting arbor, shrub and herb. For artificial dump, soil erosion is the potential danger. But the rational allocation of planting is an economic and efficient measure for soil and water conservation with the legal system improvement of reclamation.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2010-4-10
基金项目:科技部、国土资源部公益性行业专项课题“典型矿区破坏土地生态复垦技术开发与示范”（200911015）
作者简介:吕春娟（1978- ），女，博士生，讲师，主要从事土壤侵蚀与生态重建研究。E-mail：lcjcwg@126.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01