FANG Xuan,LI Bi-cheng,BAI Xiao-mei,et al.Study on the Relationship between Vegetation Pattern and Terrain in a Small Watershed on the Loess Plateau——Take Shanghuang Test Area in Guyuan as An Example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(05):92-95,100.
基于GIS的黄土高原小流域植被格局与地形关系研究——以固原上黄试区为例
- Title:
- Study on the Relationship between Vegetation Pattern and Terrain in a Small Watershed on the Loess Plateau——Take Shanghuang Test Area in Guyuan as An Example
- Keywords:
- vegetation pattern; terrain; distribution index; Shanghuang test area
- 分类号:
- P901;X171.4
- 摘要:
- 以黄土高原上黄试区小流域为例，应用GIS空间分析技术和环境梯度分析方法，选取海拔、坡度、坡向、地形位4个地形因子，将植被景观分布图与各地形因子梯度图叠合，采用无量纲分布指数定量分析植被景观在各地形因子梯度上的分布特征，研究植被格局与地形之间的关系，为上黄试区的植被保护与恢复、生态管理与建设提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）上黄试区植被格局与地形之间关系密切，海拔对植被格局的影响最大，相关系数为－0.51；地形位和坡度次之，相关系数为－0.18和－0.13；坡向的作用最小，相关系数为－0.02。（2）植被景观在地形梯度上的分布格局呈现一定规律性，灌丛类主要在高海拔（1 678～1 822 m）、中等坡度（8°～25°）区间分布；天然草地主要在中等偏低海拔（1 582～1 678 m）、中等偏陡（15°～35°）区间分布；人工草地主要在中等偏高海拔（1 630～1 774 m）、陡坡（>25°）区间分布；耕地和果园则主要在低海拔（<1 630 m）、平缓坡（0～8°）区间分布。
- Abstract:
- The relationship between the spatial pattern of vegetation in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau and terrain was studied based on the geographic information system (GIS) and environment gradient analysis. Altitude, slope, aspect, and terrain niche four terrain factors were chosen, the vegetation distribution map and the gradient map of each terrain factor was superposed, and the distribution index was used to analysis the inter spatial relationships between vegetation distribution and each terrain factor. This study showed the main terrain factor on vegetation pattern and the dominance degree of different vegetation on each terrain gradient. Altitude was the main terrain factor on vegetation pattern. Bushes distribute mainly in the areas with high altitude and middling slope, crude grassland distributes mainly in the areas with the altitude lower than middling level and the slope more cliffy than middling level, artificial grassland distribute mainly in the areas with the altitude higher than middling level and the slope more gentle than middling level, arable land and orchard distributes mainly in the areas with low altitude and gentle slope. This study could offer scientific evidence for vegetation restoration and eco-environment management.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2010-6-19;改回日期:2005-8-18。
基金项目:“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目（2006BCA01A07-2)
作者简介:方炫（1982- ），女，江苏沭阳人，博士生，研究方向为土地利用及3S技术应用。E-mail：fxnbr@yahoo.com
通讯作者:李壁成（1945- ），男，陕西石泉人，研究员，博士生导师，主要从事水土保持、小流域遥感监测与管理及土地景观生态方面的研究工作。E-mail：bcli@ms.iswc.ac.cn