HU Jiang-ling,ZHANG Gao,ZHAO Feng,et al.Effects of Land Use on Soil Quality in Jinghe Basin of Xinjiang[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(04):92-95,99.
新疆精河流域不同土地利用方式对土壤质量的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Land Use on Soil Quality in Jinghe Basin of Xinjiang
- Keywords:
- Jinghe Basin; land use; soil quality
- 分类号:
- F301.24;S153
- 摘要:
- 通过精河流域不同土地利用类型和农田耕作措施对土壤质量的影响研究发现：①土壤盐渍化程度呈梯度变化，即从洪积扇下部经冲积平原至沙漠，依次出现中盐渍土-强盐渍土-盐土-非盐渍土类型。②天然绿洲的土壤有机质、速效钾、有效磷和碱解氮平均含量最高。荒漠土壤的养分含量很低，但养分含量与盐渍化成正相关，因此利用盐生植物资源增加盐成土荒漠的植被盖度，也是改良盐碱土的良好途径。③人工绿洲土壤有机质和速效钾的含量水平相对较低，主要是只重视施用化肥，却忽视诸如有机肥与化肥结合使用等利于有机质和钾肥积累的耕作措施。④人工绿洲各养分要素的变异系数最低，这是由于近年来精河流域以棉花作为主要的农作物种植，化肥的施用水平较为一致。⑤土壤水溶性盐分（全盐量）随耕作年限的增长表现出先降低又升高的趋势；土壤养分含量的指标变化趋势也基本相似，即先增加而后开始下降，其中有机质含量变化较为明显。主要与多年来棉花长期连作、不合理的灌溉及农田重用轻养等有关。
- Abstract:
- Through research for the impact on soil quality by four land use types and the cultivation measure,the following conclusions could be drawn.① The soil salinization presented the gradient change,namely from the under part of diluvia fan,the alluvial plain to the desert,the soil types alternately presented medium sanitized soil,highly sanitized soil,sanitized soil and non-sanitized soil.② The average contents of soil organic matter,available potassium,available phosphorus and available nitrogen in natural oasis were higher than the contents of the other three kinds of land use patterns.The content of nutrient in the desert was very low,but the content of nutrient had positive correlation to salinization,so it was an important means to improve land productive potentialities to prevent and control the salinization by utilizing salt catch plant resources,increasing salt vegetation coverage.③ The contents of soil organic matter and available potassium in the artificial oasis were relatively low.The main reason was that more emphasis was taken on chemical fertilizer during the agriculture production,but ignored the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic manure which was helpful the accumulation of organic matter and potassium.④ Owing to the comparatively unanimous chemical fertilization on cotton which was the main crop in Jinghe basin,each nutrient element in the artificial oasis presented lower variance coefficient than other three kinds of land use patterns.⑤ The change of soil water soluble salt contents firstly decreased to the valley value then turned to increase stably with the accumulation of cultivation time,and the other soil elements showed the similar change trend,especially organic matter change was comparatively obvious among them.These changes had important relationship to continuous cotton cultivation,unreasonable irrigation and exhaustive utilization of farmland,etc.
参考文献/References:
[1] 史志华,蔡崇法,王天巍,等.红壤丘陵区土地利用变化对土壤质量影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2001,10(6):537-543.
[2] Fu B J,Chen L D,Ma K M,et al.The relationship between land use and soil conditions in the hilly area of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi,China[J].Catena,2000,39:69-78.
[3] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明.黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响:以延安市羊圈沟流域为例[J].地理学报,1999,54(3):241-246.
[4] Lal R,Mokma D,Lowery B.Relation between soil quality and erosion[C]//Rattan Lal.Soil quality and soil erosion.Washington D C:CRC Press,1999:237-258.
[5] Warkentin B P.The changing concept of soil quality[J].J.Soil Water Cons,1995,50:226-228.
[6] Crist P J,Thomas W K,John O.Assessing land-use impacts on biodiversity using an expert system tool[J].Landscape Ecology,2000,15:47-62.
[7] 宗树森.土地工作手册[M].北京:农村读物出版社.1987:12.
相似文献/References:
[1]范新军,毕天云.云南边境石漠化地区“三生空间”格局演变及驱动机制[J].水土保持研究,2025,32(06):424.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.06.011]
Fan Xinjun,Bi Tianyun.Evolution of production-living-ecological space pattern and its driving mechanisms in rocky desertification areas of Yunnan border region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(04):424.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.06.011]
[2]徐 云,高明坤,张增信.基于InVEST模型的长江中下游地区生境质量变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2024,31(05):355.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.05.032]
Xu Yun,Gao Mingkun,Zhang Zengxin.Land Use Change and Its Impact on Habitat Quality in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Based on InVEST Model[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(04):355.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.05.032]
[3]孙保平,孙立达.西吉县黄家二岔小流域地表径流和土壤渗透性能的研究[J].水土保持研究,1990,(02):16.
Sun Baoping,Sun Lida.A Research For Soil Permeability and Surface Runoff in Huangjia-Ercha Small Watershed in Xiji County, Ningxia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,(04):16.
[4]赵昭霞,叶树华.渭南地区土地利用现状简析[J].水土保持研究,1992,(02):35.
Zhao Zhaoxia,Yie Shuhua.ANALYSIS OF LAND UTILIZATION OF WEINAN PREFECTURE[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1992,(04):35.
[5]杨勤科,郑粉莉,张竹梅.神木试区土地资源与利用[J].水土保持研究,1993,(02):47.
Yang Qinke,Zheng Fenli,Zhang Zhumei.Land Resources and Its Utilization in the Shenmu Experimental Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,(04):47.
[6]张希彪,上官周平.陇东黄土高原土地利用空间格局研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(04):167.
ZHANG Xi-biao,SHANGGUAN Zhou-ping.Study on the Spatial Pattern of Land-use in Longdong Areas[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):167.
[7]闫岩,雷国平,谢英楠.基于AHP和熵权法的土地利用生态效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(06):134.
YAN Yan,LEI Guo-ping,XIE Ying-nan.Study on Evaluation of Land Use Ecological Efficiency Based on AHP and Entropy Weight Method[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(04):134.
[8]路昌,雷国平,张慧,等.黑龙江省哈尔滨市不同土地利用类型的碳排放效应分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(06):245.
LU Chang,LEI Guo-ping,ZHANG Hui,et al.Effects of Different Land Use Patterns on Carbon Emission in Harbin City of Heilongjiang Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(04):245.
[9]陈杰,杨太保,何毅.石羊河下游民勤土地利用及景观格局动态分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(06):251.
CHEN Jie,YANG Tai-bao,HE Yi.Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Landscape Patterns in Minqin of Shiyang River Downstream[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(04):251.
[10]申怀飞,侯刚,魏庆伟,等.南水北调中线水源区土地利用/覆被空间格局特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(06):209.
SHEN Huai-fei,HOU Gang,WEI Qing-wei,et al.The Spatial Distribution of Land Use/Land Cover in the Water Supplying Area of the Middle-Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion (Mr-Snwd) Project[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(04):209.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2010-3-29;
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（40861008，40961039）;教育部科学技术研究重点项目（209141）;新疆师范大学博士科研启动基金项目（XJNUBS0808）;新疆维吾尔自治区重点学科“绿洲学”;新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室“干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室”（XJDX0909）
作者简介:胡江玲（1977- ），女，新疆乌鲁木齐人，讲师，博士，从事绿洲资源开发与可持续利用研究。E-mail：hjlingxj@sina.com