HAN Ai-guo,HAN Kun-li,LIU Han-chao,et al.Discussion on the Possibility of Applying Peak Discharge Computation of Outburst Flood for Man-made Dams to Natural Dams[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(06):234-237.
人工坝溃决洪水峰顶流量计算公式应用于滑坡堵江坝的可行性探讨
- Title:
- Discussion on the Possibility of Applying Peak Discharge Computation of Outburst Flood for Man-made Dams to Natural Dams
- 分类号:
- TV122.4
- 摘要:
- 滑坡堵江事件在山区广泛发育，堵江形成的天然坝的稳定性一般不高，在暴雨、地震等诱发因素的作用下可能发生溃决，溃坝洪水对下游河道及沿江两岸的各种设施及居民生命造成巨大威胁，因此溃坝洪水计算意义重大，而峰顶流量和洪水演进过程中洪峰高度的变化直接决定了溃坝洪水的灾害程度。利用谢任之教授提出的人工坝溃决洪水计算方法，根据滑坡天然坝体溃决的实际情况，合理地分析溃口形态，调整溃口宽度的取值方法，并将其应用于滑坡堵江天然坝瞬时溃决洪水峰顶流量计算中，经历史溃坝实例验证计算结果可靠，为天然坝溃决洪水峰顶流量计算提供了新的思路和方法，也为溃坝洪水灾害评价提供了重要依据。
- Abstract:
- Landslide damming of river is very common in mountainous regions, and the stability coefficients of natural dams are rather low, so they are prone to break under the induction of rainstorm, earthquake and other factors.The successive outburst flood will destroy all sorts of installations, even seriously threaten the safety of residents in downstream watercourse and banks, so it is of great significance to carry out outburst flood computation.Among those factors which affect the degree of flood disaster, peak discharge and flood peak are two important index.In this paper, peak discharge under the case of instantaneous break of natural dam is discussed taking advantage of computation method of man-made dam proposed by Prof.Xie Renzhi.Based on the actual breach condition of natural dam, the shape of break section is reasonably analyzed, the width of break section in computation formula is modified.The result is proved to be reliable by survey of dam breach flood in history.All these provide a new way for outburst flood calculation and also provide theoretical foundation for outburst flood disaster evaluation of natural dams.
参考文献/References:
[1] Schuster R L, Costa J E.Perspective on landslide dams[J].Amercan Society of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Spec.Publ., 1986, 3:1-20.
[2] Schuster R L.Landslide Dams:Processes, Risk, and Mitigation[J].Amercan Society of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Spec.Publ., 1986, 3:164.
[3] Costa J E, Schuster R L.Formation and failure of natural dams[J].Geological Society of Amercan Bulletin, 1988, 100 (7):1054-1068.
[4] Hewitt K.Pakistan case study:catastrophic floods[M].IAHS-AISH (International Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques) Publication, 1985, 149:131-135.
[5] Hewitt K.Natural dams and outburst floods of the Karakoram Himalaya[C].IAHS-AISH (International Association of Hydrological Sciences-Association Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques) Publication, 1982, 138:259-269.
[6] Evans S G.Landslide damming in the Cordillera of Western Canada[C].Amercan Society of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Spec.Publ., 1986, 3:111-130.
[7] Webby M G, Jenninqs D N.Analysis of dam break flood caused by failure of Tunawaea landslide dam[C].National Conference Publication-Institution of Engineers, Australia, 1994, 94:163-168.
[8] Johannes T W.Case history and hazard analysis of two lake-damming landslides in the Himalayas[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 1998, 16 (2/3):323-331.
[9] Clague J J, Evans S G.Review of catastrophic drainage of moraine-dammed lakes in British Columbia[J].Quaternary Science Reviews, 2000, 19 (17/18):1763-1783.
[10] Pier G N, Mario P.Seven landslide dams of old seismic origin in southeastern Sicily (Italy)[J].Geomorphology, 2002, 46:203-222.
[11] Li Tian-chi, Schuster R L, Wu Ji-shan.Landslide dams in South-Central China[C].Amercan Society of Civil Engineering, Geotechnical Spec.Publ., 1986, 3:146-162.
[12] 柴贺军, 刘汉超, 张倬元.大型滑坡堵江事件及其环境效应研究综述[J].地质科技情报, 2000, 19 (2):87-90.
[13] 柴贺军, 刘汉超, 张倬元, 等.中国滑坡堵江的分布、成因和基本特征研究[J].成都理工学院学报, 2000, 27 (3):302-307.
[14] Jarrett R D, Costa J E.Hydrology, geomorphology, and dam-break modeling of the July 15, 1982 LAWN lake dam and cascade lake dam failures, Larimer County, Colorado[R].Geological Survey Professional Paper (United States) , 1986:78.
[15] Walder J S, Costa J E.Outburst floods from glacier-dammed lakes:the effect of mode of lake drainage on flood magnitude[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1996, 21 (8):701.
[16] Walder J S, Connor O, Costa J E.Physically-based method for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams[C].IAHS (International Association of Hydrological Sciences) Publication, 1997, 239:217-224.
[17] Chow V T, Ben-Zvi, Arie.Hydrodynamic modeling of two-dimensional watershed flow[J].Amercan Society of Civil Engineering, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1973, 99 (HY11):2023-2040.
[18] Evans S G.Maximum discharge of outburst floods caused by the breaching of man-made and natural dams[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1986, 23, (3):385-387.
[19] Bellos, C V, Sakkas, J G.1-D dam-break flood-wave propagation on dry bed[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1987, 113, (12):1510-1524.
[20] Daniel A C, Ellen E W.Peak discharge estimates of glacial-lake outburst floods and"normal"climatic floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal[J].Geomorphology, 2001, 40:57-90.
[21] Leal J B, Ferreira R L, Franco A B, et al.Experimental study on dam-break flood waves over movable bed channel[J].International Journal of Sediment Research, 2002, 17 (3):186-196.
[22] 王永兴.滑坡导致的溃坝型洪水研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报, 1995, 6 (1):15-23.
[23] 冷伦.雅砻江垮山堵江及溃坝洪水[J].水文, 2000, 20 (3):46-50.
[24] 韩坤立, 韩爱果, 刘汉超.岷江上游小海子坝溃决洪水危险性评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护, 1999, 10 (1):47-51.
[25] 柴贺军, 董云, 李绍轩, 等.大型天然土石坝的溃坝方式及环境效应分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护, 2005, 16 (2):172-176.
[26] 谢任之.溃坝水力学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社, 1990.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2006-12-26。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（40102026）
作者简介:韩爱果（1975- ），女，安徽砀山人，博士，副教授，主要从事地质灾害评价、岩土体工程特性、水文地质等方面的教学研究工作。