LIU Miao,HU Yuan-man,XU Chong-gang.Quantitative Study of Forest Soil Erosion Based on GIS, RS and RUSLE——A Case Study of Huzhong Region, Daxing’anling[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(03):21-24.
基于GIS、RS和RUSLE的林区土壤侵蚀定量研究——以大兴安岭呼中地区为例
- Title:
- Quantitative Study of Forest Soil Erosion Based on GIS, RS and RUSLE——A Case Study of Huzhong Region, Daxing’anling
- Keywords:
- soil loss; GIS; RUSLE; Huzhong region
- 分类号:
- TP79;S157
- 摘要:
- USLE是美国农业部（USDA）土壤保持局建立的以大量试验数据为基础的经验性方程，主要应用于农业区域的土壤侵蚀的监测，现已被广泛应用。RUSLE是USLE的改进方程，尽管它们的表达式相同，但RUSLE从技术性和确定因子的两方面进行了改进，具有更广泛的应用范围和更高的精度。以地理信息系统（GIS）、遥感（RS）和修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）为核心，根据呼中地区1990年遥感影像解译数据、统计资料和实地考察得到地貌、植被、降雨量，林业采伐，火烧迹地等资料，确定方程中各因子，并介绍林区各因子确定的方法，对大兴安岭呼中地区土壤流失量进行了定量化分析，评价该区森林采伐和火烧对土壤流失的影响，进行水土流失的定量评价。结果表明呼中地区总水土流失量为427537.5 t/a，大部分地区小于 3.5 t/（hm2·a），低于水利部 1984年颁布的允许流失量标准（2～10 t/hm2·a），总体水土保持良好。但是研究区内水土流失严重地区十分集中，主要分布在坡度较陡处和火烧、采伐迹地。在无人类和火烧干扰的情况下坡度对水土流失影响最显著。
- Abstract:
- USLE is an empirical soil loss equation developed by USDA.USLE is originally developed to predict soil loss in agricultural area.RUSLE is the revised version of USLE.Though RUSLE has the same expression with USLE, the technology and method of factors determination in RUSLE has been significantly improved.RUSLE has higher accuracy and can be more widely used than USLE.Based on the RS data,the forest inventory data derived in 1990 and the field data(including physiognomy,vegetation, rainfall,harvest and fire data),RUSLE is combined with GIS to estimate the soil loss by erosion.At the same time,we also estimated the influence of fire and harvest on soil loss.Results showed that the total soil erosion of Huzhong is 427 537.503 6 t/a.Soil loss in most area is less than 3.5 t/(hmhm2·a) and the standard of the Ministry of Water Resources in 1984(2～10 t/hm2·a).The places where has the severe soil loss are located in fired and harvested regions,especially in steep slope regions.In the situation without human disturbance and fire,slope is the most important factor.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2004-5-19;
基金项目:国家科学基金重点项目（基金课题批准号：40331008）资助；中国科学院“百人计划”项目（基金课题批准号：BR010403）资助
作者简介:刘淼（1979- ），男，在读硕士研究生，主要从事景观生态和土地承载力方面研究.