[1]穆兴民,陈国良,赵克学,等.黄土区旱地春小麦农田水分生态特征与改善途径[J].水土保持研究,1990,(01):55-63.
Mu Xingmin,Chen Guoliang,Zhao Kexue,et al.Ecological Features and Improving Approaches of Moisture in the Spring Wheat Field on Dryland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,(01):55-63.
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Mu Xingmin,Chen Guoliang,Zhao Kexue,et al.Ecological Features and Improving Approaches of Moisture in the Spring Wheat Field on Dryland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,(01):55-63.
黄土区旱地春小麦农田水分生态特征与改善途径
《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P]
卷:
期数:
1990年01期
页码:
55-63
栏目:
出版日期:
1900-01-01
- Title:
- Ecological Features and Improving Approaches of Moisture in the Spring Wheat Field on Dryland
- 摘要:
- 本文应用固原与黄土高原多年多点旱作春麦农田水分资料，对旱地春麦的农田水份平衡、作物耗水规律、土壤耗水分布与利用程度、作物产量与土壤有效贮水和生育期降水的定量关系、提高土壤水分利用率的途径与效益等进行了比较系统的研究。结果：（1）旱作春麦总耗水量平均为300mm左右，丰水年近于400mm，旱年260mm左右；（2）总耗水中，土壤供水占35%，生育期降水占65%；（3）土壤耗水大部分来源于1m土层，占85%，1～2m土层仅占15%；（4）1m土层有效贮水最大利用程度已达86%以上，所剩水量已为难利用水，无多大潜力可挖；1～2m土层有效水最大利用程度仅50%左右，尚有60mm以上水分未得到充分利用，（6）生育期降水对产量的贡献大于土壤贮水，其回归系数分别为0.233和0.213kg/mm，单位水量（mm）的产量效应生育期降水比土壤贮水高9.4%；（6）作物耗水强度前期为每天1.0mm，中期为3.0mm，后期为2.0mm，全生育期平均为1.9mm，其耗水进程呈Logistic规律；（7）春麦产量与总耗水量之关系，在耗水量450mm以内呈幂函数关系，其方程为Y=aETb。
- Abstract:
- In this paper the moisture, data in spring wheat field obtained from several spots and years in Guyuan county and the Loess Plateau were used to systematically study the water balance of spring wheat field on dryland, water consuption law, the distribution of soil water deplation and utilizing degree,the relationship among crop yield,available water stored in soil and precipitation in plant growth period, the approaches and benefits of promoting soil water use efficiency.The results were as follows: (1) The total average water consumption of spring wheat was 300 mm or so, about 400 mm in the year of abundant rainfall and 200 mm in dry year. (2) Soil water supply took up 35% and rainfall in the plant growth period took up 65% in total water consumption. (3) Most of water consumption was from 1 m soil layer, which took up 85% and that in 1～2 m soil layer took up only 15%. (4) The utilizing degree of available water in 1 m layer was more than 85%, the left water was difficult to be utilized and the potential of water use was little. However,the utilizing degree of available water in 1～2 soil layer was about 50%, and more than 60 mm water was not used. (5) The rainfall in plant growth period was more helpful than stored soil water to yield. Both coeficients of regression were 0.233 and 0.213 (kg/mm), respectively.The effects of rainfall in plant growth period on the yield was 9.4% higher than that of stored soil water. (6) The quantities of water consumption were 1.0 mmperday in earlier period,3.0 mm per day in medium period,2.0mm per day in later period and 1.9mm in total growth period. The process of water consumption fixed to Logistic law. (7) The relationship between yield and total water consumption of spring wheat could described by power function below the water consumption of 450 mm, and the equation was Y=a E T~b,
参考文献/References:
[1] 甘肃小麦丰产栽培组:《甘肃小麦栽培》, 甘肃人民出版社, 1934年
[2] 穆兴民:Logistic方程拟合方法, 《六盘山科技》, 1986年第2期
[3] 何塞·R·科尔多互等著, 谢安周等译:《灌溉系统的随机机控制》(第二章), 农业出版社, 1985年
[4] 邓振镰等:甘肃省干早农业类型作物水分供求矛盾研充, 《干旱地区农业研完》, 1987年第2期
[5] 韩仕峰:立体利用土壤水分的生物结构探讨, 《水土保持学报》, 1938年第4期
更新日期/Last Update:
1900-01-01