[1]田积莹,黄义端,雍绍萍.宁南苦水灌溉及调控土壤次生盐渍化的途径[J].水土保持研究,1987,(01):68-98.
Tian Ji-Ying.IRRIGATION WITH BITTER WATER AND STEPS OF CONTROLLING SOIL SECONDARY SALINIZATION IN SOUTHERN NINGXIA[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1987,(01):68-98.
点击复制
Tian Ji-Ying.IRRIGATION WITH BITTER WATER AND STEPS OF CONTROLLING SOIL SECONDARY SALINIZATION IN SOUTHERN NINGXIA[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1987,(01):68-98.
宁南苦水灌溉及调控土壤次生盐渍化的途径
《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P]
卷:
期数:
1987年01期
页码:
68-98
栏目:
出版日期:
1900-01-01
- Title:
- IRRIGATION WITH BITTER WATER AND STEPS OF CONTROLLING SOIL SECONDARY SALINIZATION IN SOUTHERN NINGXIA
- 摘要:
- 宁夏南部气候干旱，广泛分布着底盐灰钙土和黑垆土，地下水位一般达20—30米以上。由于降雨量稀少，地表及地下淡水资源缺乏，而苦水资源丰富，苦水矿化度高达4—7克/升，多为钠质氯化物硫酸盐水。实践证明，苦水只要利用得当，就能使小麦或大麦获得高额产量。但苦水灌溉后易发生土壤次生盐渍化，这与水质及土壤质地有密切关系，轻壤土透水性良好，苦水灌溉后易将盐分淋洗排至深层，粘土透水性不良，因而不易将盐分淋洗排至深层，适宜苦水灌溉的理想土壤为轻、中壤土，长期灌溉仍能使土壤盐分含量维持在0.20%左右。为控制灌水定额必须划小地块，以0.5—0.7亩为宜。生育期灌水要掌握头水要饱，二水三水要紧跟上，使地面经常保持湿润，通过灌溉之后，可使表层积累的大量盐分，降低50—70%，不致危害作物生长；当作物成长起来，耐盐性增强，这就为丰收打下基础。其次为了控制土壤盐渍化的发展还可采用下面几种措施：1.种植绿肥作物及施用有机肥料；2.冬灌；3.洪漫；4.种植耐盐作物；5.深翻晒垡；6.利用钾钠离子平衡理论，控制钠害。这些措施必须相互配合，综合运用，才能达到抑盐助苗，以达到防治盐化的根本目的。
- Abstract:
- In southern Ningxia,it is very drought and sierozem is widely distributed in the north of this region.The depth of ground water is generally more than 20—30m.The resources of bitter water are abundant.But the resources of fresh water are very scarce.The salt concentration of bitter water(mineral water,)is as high as 4—7 g/1.The chemical compositions of soluble salt in bitter water are mainly SO4- and Cl- anions,Na+,Ca++ and Mg++ cations,so it is called sodium(quality)chloride-sulphate water.For development of agricultural production,it is necessary to irrigate with bitter water due to lack of the fresh water in this region.Using reasonably the bitter water to irrigate the crops such as wheat,barley,the good harvest can be got,but in most cases the soil secondary salinization in the irrigated land is very easy to occur,by which the crop yield is affected.The occurrence of the soil secondary salinization is in close relationship with soil texture, that is to say this process occurs very easily on heavy loam or clay soil,but it doesn’t on light Qr medium loam.This is because the different soil texture has the different permeability.The light or medium loam has a good permeability,but the heavy loam or clay soil has a. poor permeability.The salts accumulated in the surface layer of light or medium soil can be easily leached out and removed into deep soil layer during the watering or during the rainy season,but the salts in the heavy or clay soil can not be easily leached out.Therefore the light or medium loam may be regarded as an ideal soil suitable for irrigation with bitter water.After irrigation with bitter water for many years, the salt content of light or medium soil profile is still about 0.20% or so.In order to control soil secondary salinization,we must pay attention to control irrigation norm and to avoid inundation method with a large quantity of water to irrigate the large area of land.The land may be divided by us into some small plot about 0.5—0.7 mu so as to control irrigation norm.During the crop development period about on May10th every year,it is necessary to irrigate the land due to lack of moisture in the soil.The watering land must be irrigated to saturated condition at first time.About at intervals of 7—10 days,we must continuously carry on the second time or the third time irrigation to moisten the surface of land for a long time.Through three times irrigation with bitter water,the large amounts of soluble salt on the surface layer are leached out and removed into deep soil layer.The salt content of soil surface layer may be greately reduced by 50—70% in total salt content.When the crops grow up,it will tolerante more salt content, as such we would get the good harvest of the crops. The other methods to control soil secondary salinization will be described as follows.1.Planting green manure crops or manuring organic fertilizer.2.Winter irrigation.3.Inundation land with flooding water.4.Planting tolerant salt crops.5.Deep tillage for drying plow slice.6.According to ionic equilibrium theory of potassium and sodium to control sodium ion to harm the crops.
更新日期/Last Update:
1900-01-01